guide SENA

BASIC DE

FINITIONS

1. Fill the empty spaces.

FIRST AID:

They care or immediate assistance, temporary and necessary to be given to a person who has suffered an accident, illness or exacerbation of this until the arrival of a doctor or paramedic who is responsible, alone if it is necessary, transferred to the hospital attempting to improve or maintain the conditions in which it is located.

FIRST ASSISTANT:
The first responder is the first person who decides to participate in the care of the injured. May or may not be a health care professional. It is in charge of evaluating the scene, start reviewing the injured and activate the emergency medical service, known in urban as System Prehospital Emergency Care or Emergency Service Metropolitan.

2.  What are the obligations of the first charge?

Injured Assessment.
IMMEDIATE SIMULTANEOUS EVALUATION.

It is the assessment that is determined in a period no longer than 10 seconds the patient's general condition, state of consciousness, respiratory and circulatory status.

HOW IS IT?
Once in a safe position the patient touches the shoulders and stirred slightly as he asked like this. Sir, sir, are you all right?
State of consciousness is determined methodically placing ADVI
A: the person is alert, fluent, staring to the browser and is on the lookout for what is happening around him.
V: the person has a verbal response, but not alert to respond coherently to questions you make, and respond when called.
D: the person has only response to the application of a painful stimulus, such as pressing firmly as a bone protruding sternum or clavicles; exploration methods can be employed less detrimental as lashes or brush lightly tapping with your finger in the middle of the eyebrows, this will produce involuntary blinking, considered response.
I: the person has none of the above is Unconscious.

PRIMARY ASSESSMENT
Initial assessment is to help us identify what injuries or conditions that may endanger the patient's life. You must be fast and efficient. And apply for patients who have been shown the thoughtlessness
For this evaluation using the mnemonic ABC

A: "Airway" open airway and cervical control.
B: "breath" ventilation.
C: "circulation" circulation and control bleeding.
A: That the airway is open and without risk of obstruction. He opens his mouth in search of something that can obstruct the airway, should be something to us we remove by sweeping hook with your index finger, should be nothing we do the head tilt technique .
B: It is evaluated that the ventilation is present or not. Mnemonic is used:
See: the patient's chest (if up and down).
Listening: breathing
Feel: the air exiting through the mouth or nose
We must determine if breathing on his own, how often and how deep the breaths.
C: Determine the presence of signs of circulation, such as pulse or skin color, if you are pale, blush body temperature. And check if you have any bleeding obvious.

SECONDARY ASSESSMENT:
Lesions are identified by themselves do not put life in imminent danger of our patient but added one another other. Wanted deformities, subsidence, asymmetry, bleeding, crackles, etc..
Evaluation is performed by palpating head to toe starting with head, neck, chest, abdomen, hips, legs, feet, arms and spine.

3. indicate what action it is being applied in the following images according to the text above.

                                                                                                                                                                                                               ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

        

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________   

5. When is going to perform SECUNDARIA EVALUATION feeling from head to foot you start with?

a. arms and spine, chest, abdomen.

b. chest, neck, arms and spine.

c. neck, chest, abdomen, hips, legs, feet, arms and spine.

d.  chest, neck, abdomen, arms and spine, hips, feet, legs.

6. For primary evaluation uses the nemotecnia ABC, define the following abbreviations.

A: “Airway”______________________________________________

B: “breath”_____________________________

C: “circulation”___________________________________________

7. with an arrow pointing which is the correct answer according to the reading of placing conscious state with ADVI method.

Initials	meaning
V	the person has a verbal response, but not alert to respond coherently to questions you perform, and respond when called.
D	the person is alert, fluent, staring to the browser and is on the lookout for what is happening around him.
I	the person has none of the above is Unconscious
A	the person has only response to the application of a painful stimulus, such as pressing firmly as a bone protruding sternum or clavicles; exploration methods can be employed less detrimental as lashes or brush lightly tapping with your finger in the middle of the eyebrows, this will produce involuntary blinking, considered response.

 8. Define:

PRIMARY ASSESSMENT: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SECONDARY ASSESSMENT: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TEMPERATURE

CONCEPT:

The procedure is performed to measure the degree of heat in the human body cavities buccal, rectal, axillary or inguinal.

The amount of body heat. This results from the balance between the amount of heat produced and removed by the body. Heat is produced when cells use food to produce energy. it   Is lost through the skin, breath, urine and feces. Body temperature remains fairly stable, with more Baaj morning and highest in the afternoon and evening. Among the factors that change include the edd, weather, exercise, emotions, etc..

The temperature is measured with thermometers and can be used with the Fahrenheit scale and the scale Centigrade Celsius, can be measured in the boc, the axial and the tympanic membrane. The normal temperature value depends on where it is recorded and usually has little change.

The temperature of the elderly tends to be lower than in the young.

Body temperature normal levels are between 36 ° C and 37.3 ° C. Is the result of the balance between the internal heat and environmental breakdown product of food and physical activity the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus are located.

OBJECTIVES:

     ASSESS THE STATE OF HEALTH OR DISEASE

     HELP ESTABLISH A HEALTH dignóstico

     KNOW THE EXTENT OF A BODY HEAT

     REGISTER AT PRECISELY THE HUMAN BODY TEMPERATURE TO COLLABORATE WITH DIAGNOSTIC

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT:

     Stainless Steel Tray

     Portatermometros with antiseptic solution

     Thermometers

     Containers with wet swabs

     Container with soapy solution

     Waste paper bag pair

     Flat stick

     Pencil or pen

     Record Sheet

PROCEDURE:

STEPS

SCIENTIFIC BASIS

Prepare the computer and remove to drive the patient Confirm that the patient has not eaten food or practiced any exercise in the last 30 min Explain the patient about the procedure and put it in decubitus or sitting position Remove the thermometer and insert antiseptic solution to water container Then dry with swabs by rotational movements Dry the armpit swab and place the bulb of the thermometer in the center axillary Place the patient's arm and forearm on the chest in order to have the thermometer in place Leave the thermometer 3-5 minutes and remove armpit Clean the thermometer with a dry swab to the bulb body rotational movements Make reading and record Shaking l thermometer mercury scale down and place in soapy solution then wash the thermometer and place in bowl with antiseptic solution Assess temperature measurement obtained

Clinical thermometer mercury requires substance which expands with temperature variations and a scale of 34 to 41 ° c Body heat dilates the mercury in the thermometer bulb will chamber constriction and preventing their return The thermometric scale covers the ice melting point to the boiling point of water, both wing Pressure of 760 mm Hg. heat originates in the kinetic energy and appreciated by thermal sense heat production is the result of chemical reactions or thermal the amount of inhaled determines O2 hand the amount of heat produced by the body muscle activity increases the metabolic rate of 10 to 4 times the resting level primarily increases muscle tone with the cold and emotions knowledge and understanding of human behavior helps to reduce anxiety or fear correct potion influences the optimal realization of the procedure There are solutions to toxic, tissue-damaging water rinse reduces the toxic effect of substances and flavors are clinical thermometers fixed maximum to record temperatures above 40 ° and just down the mercury by shaking fast moving sweat glands in the groin, are influenced by the emotional state of the individual muscle activity and pathological processes heat loss occurs primarily through the skin and lungs The temperature measurement is referred to in the armpit relatively accurate The axillary temperature is 1 less than normal Friction helps to dislodge the foreign material of a surface The firm holding the thermometer and a lighted are factors that facilitate the reading of the temperature The soap saponified fats Biological decreasing objects decreases the possibility of acquiring diseases or infections The sanitization is a necessary step for the destruction of microorganisms in part or in whole organisms The cases of sunstroke external nervousness or allergic processes can cause fever

SAFETY

CONSUME THE PATIENT NOT HOT OR COLD FOOD BEFORE TAKING TEMPERATURE

     PCIENTE THAT HAS NOT MADE ANY EXERCISE

     WATCH THE PATIENT NOT TALK WHILE TAKING A ETEMPERATURA

     AVOID THE TEMPERATURE IN PATIENTS TAKING TOO THIN, MALNOURISHED OR STARTING DURING BREASTFEEDING

PULSE

CONCEPT:

It is a wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. Pulse is the heartbeat of an artery to sit on a ledge marrow. When the left ventricle contracts blood passes THROUGH arteries throughout the body. This wave is the pulse blood.

Temporal pulses, carotid, brachial, radial femoral, are bilateral, you can use the radial pulse as it is more easily located and can be measured without exposing n disturbing the person's pulse is palpable apical heart level, and valued with a stethoscope.

OBJECTIVES:

     Identify if the pulse rate is within the normal limits

     Determine if the pulse is regular and if the incidence is appropriate

     Collaboration in the diagnosis of the doctor

     Compare equal peripheral pulses corresponding to each side of the body

MATERIAL

     Clock with second hand

     Record Sheet

     pen

     Alcohol swabs

PROCEDURE:

STEPS

SCIENTIFIC BASIS

Ensure that the patient's arm rest in a comfortable position Place the tips of the index and middle fingers over the artery ring chosen Press your fingers with enough force to easily perceive the pulse Perceiving the beats, and count for one minute Pulse record sheets and especially noting the features found

Determines the frequency pulse and heartbeat The strength and frequency of the pulse are determined by the presence of calcium and potassium ions in the blood Beats perceive the touch at the time that blood is driven by receiving the blood vessels by cardiac contractions The walls of the arteries are elastic and that contract or expand with increasing the volume of blood that passes through them The expansion of the artery contraction cause the blood to move in waves on their way to the capillaries. The ascending limb pulse wave corresponds to the systole phase of the heart trabjo. The descending branch belongs to the diastolic or resting stage heart In normal conditions the corzon pumps about four liters of blood every minute The accurate recording of data contributes to the determination of an accurate dinostico We measured frequency of the pulse in a severely ill patient is often useful to determine your treatment.

PRECAUTIONS

     MAKE A HAND WASHING

     EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE THE PATIENT

     PRIVACY GUARANTEE

     COMMUNICATE IMMEDIATELY IF YOU HAVE A LOWER RATE THAN A 60 0 100 BEATS PER MINUTE IMMEDIATELY

BREATHING

CONCEPT:

Breathing is the act of introducing air into the lungs. every breath consists of an inspiration and expiration. Normal breaths are quiet and regular and perform effortlessly, both sides of the chest rise and fall alike.

A year adult breathes 12-20 times per minute, but the respiratory rate is affected by many of the factors that modify l pulse, body temperature and heart and respiratory diseases tend to increase respiratory rate

OBJECTIVES

     Knowing the number and characteristics of breathing

     Detect hypoxia and anoxia

     Knowing quickly any change of pace and quality of breathing to assess the patient's general condition

MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT

     CLOCK WITH SECONDS

     REGISTRATION FORM

     PENCIL AND PEN

PROCEDURE:

STEPS

SCIENTIFIC BASIS

Place the patient in dorsal decubitus position, if possible, breathing should be told without this it is pecate Take the patient's arm and place it on the chest, put a finger on the wrist of your hand as if you were taking the pulse Respirations and examine the chest or abdomen when elevated and depressed Count the breaths in one minute and make the notation on the registration form

Correct position allows the realization of the process optima Voluntary breathing is easily controlled by the individual During normal breathing movements should be regular and painless automated By inspiration the thorax expands in all directions and is the act by which air enters Aloe lungs with 20.95% O2, 78.95% N2 4% CO2 Loa d blood chemical composition regulates the frequency and depth of breathing The respiratory center of Orebro nerve fibers in the autonomic nervous system and the chemical composition of the blood are factors that help regulate breathing The lack of oxygen, produces apprehension and anxiety of the patient Capture headlines O2 Cells from the lungs. The CO2 and other waste substances from the cells are carried by the blood streams to the lungs to be expelled Factors influencing the frequency of breathing ARE: age, sex, digestion, emotions, work, rest, disease, heat, cold, shock

APPLICATION QUESTIONS

PULSE

9. Which are the types of pulses?

10.which is the most convenient in the infirmary?

11. Which are the  elements of the protection personal ?

12. Which factors affect the pulse rate?




BREATHING

14.  Which is the  apparatus to breathing?

15. Which factors  influence the breathing  ?

16. which is the frequency of breathing of a newborn?

 17.  Do you need to measure breathing?

 18.  Which are the respiration rates?



TEMPERATURE

19.  ¿What is the temperature?

20.  ¿What does  measure  temperature serve to?

21.  ¿Which devices are used?

22. ¿How many ways can you use to measure the temperature?

23. ¿Which way is the most correct and why?

• VITAL SIGNS
• PULSE RATE
• PULSE
• BREATHING
• BODY TEMPERATURE
• FREQUENCY
• RHYTHM
• AMPLITUDE